The Red Baron, sores, bums, exhibitions, a trio – comfortable office chair

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This is a bistro full of sores, the bums, of aristocrats, close to the market Beauveau. The oldest market in Paris, vintage about 950 after Jesus Cristo. We say in Spanish, because it is a bistro appears t Guignol fixed hours, alias Jose Luis Gonzalez, former partner of Armand Gatti, quick to celebrate, April 14, the anniversary of the great Spanish Republic.

This is a semi-anarchist bistro, half booze, where there are more beards and mustaches elsewhere, especially among men. Here, parity is a miracle. It is a bistro dedicated to wine as the temples are their deities. A large populous cheerful bistro, noisy. A bistro that celebrates the dead and calculates the newcomers. As it appears in the backpackers and other small smart of all countries unite (Japan, Americas, throughout Europe), we will be careful to give his address, just be sure, what the hell On the Road! (The Red Baron, 1 rue Theodore Roussel, Paris 12th).

It is a bistro that is distinguished by its orchestra: Genevieve attendant plates after long ruled the bar that runs smooth, it is a subordinate, Mr. Doum??. Outside you have Bernard, the oyster Gujan Mestras his Kangoo packed with hu? Very, there are not that way, that opens more Christelle. Outpatient, locker or printer at hand, Claudius apron wine merchant’s never open except for a sad pun (he plays the bass clarinet). Grand old bar that he abused nicely and largest provider of fleet grimey stories, Olivier landed unawares with its cameras seventeenth century collection. Many others whose names, plus Quentin Rollet, generous body and protruding beard, son of the illustrious unknown Christian Rollet Free Jazz Workshop de Lyon, musician himself. The musicos are not notaries.

Damn stripper

Here, everyone has a smile, everyone smile. Quentin is one of the famous and keeps you alive a good week, as far as the very class of Mr. Ritz Doum??. Quentin always have something to transmit, not for sale, not to give a tip, pipe, piper. This time, the program Sonic Protest Festival (until 21 April). They produce, Friday, April 19, Saint-Merry church, but what does the priest Francis, with the Trio Barroco (aptly named Bludger to the battery, Quentin, sax, and Ben Arjrab, bass), a squadron damn stripping, not only because it plays in sneakers, for Super Sonic Jazz.

For the rest, the Sonic Protest (sonicprotest.com) is the asylum opened greatest liberators of music, guitars bolivars, Quincy Jones Quincy glass, bearing names to play outside with a middle r??sa online at Carlton Hair (see Cahuzac and Mosco), Left Foot (Bandy the Restless) The next Queens (female Swiss), Laurent Jeanneau and dr the Chinese sounds, most of the stars that we will not name?. A bit of initiative, what the deuce! We will not chew your ear … Especially to put you on the multi minimalist most minimal, kind of garages delta blues and noisy most fashionable earplugs in the world. You’d be damned to give us a trial.

Disputationes included

Between two wines, the Baron, sometimes a professor emeritus sings an older Basque still singing. Sometimes Mr. Beno t, great reader of the World, whenever r??appara t, tell us where he stands with his head madness. It all happens with a sense of humanity and mankind, disputationes included kissing ditto, which could serve as a model for society as before it finally precipitated his downfall. Walls, a temporary exhibition of artists who, unwittingly, ridicule artists rue Saint-Beno? T. One shade, they do not earn a fifrelin.

The current exhibition, run it, these are the pictures montages of Jic?? DETROY presented with a crazy style – text, graphics management. As told Plonk & Replonk and found objects of Carelman tribute DETROY retrieves images on the Internet, creating the cock-and-visual ane, suitcases instruments such words, attributed to I know not what Laboratory Ircamologie theoretical or Conservatory air wind. And? Has also irresistible gives that precious, pretty too, Trumpet jet, Saxoscope, Snare Limoges. ? Did not describe,? Has to be seen,? Has to drink, no one paid attention, everyone is infatuated. In the spirit of Baron ourvari (ruckus) and included music (jazz or java). Sometimes a mustache between fanfare fanfare, it seems the editorial board of M??diapart,? And if it was? Has life / What ‘they had not told us …?, Waltz, waltz, Minvielle. Life goes on.

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Nicolas Philibert: “Filming the radio without destroying its mystery”

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In deciding to focus your movie on Radio House, what was your project?

The idea was not to film the inner workings of a company, but the fabric of sound, voice, listening, attention to the word, the voltage to the microphone … Dragging me in the studio, rather than in the content of programs, I tried to grasp what the radio through its grammar, voice, intonation, accents, looks, gestures of those who are. I listen to the radio a lot, always, and I wanted to deal with the difficulty of filming this media without destroying the mystery, trying instead to keep it. Because radio is the medium of the invisible. And one way or another, I wanted to preserve it.

The film also pays homage to a certain idea of ??public service.

Radio France is a hive which offers an extremely wide range of issues. It was to feel the wealth and take this idea of ??public service radio, a radio that can elevate us, at least as an alternative to room vulgarity. I still believe in this, the idea of ??a radio station that is a common good, a kind of cement, a radio funded by our imp ts, not primarily dependent on advertisers?.

However, things are gradually changing. For five or six years, there are more advertising. At the same time, it seems that there is less money to create radio, as more and more programs are based on the talk show studio. The balance is fragile.

You do not have filmed the directors of the various stations of the group?

If I had, it would have been another film, the Michael Moore. But it’s not my style. I am not at heart tee investigation or pamphlet. I’m not the story. I try to make films with the means of the documentary. My approach is not so far from the fiction, even if I shoot real people and real situations. The assembly does not seek to be faithful. True to what, anyway? I built it as a musical score, polyphonic.

The main characters are little known to the general public people. Why this choice?

I am attached to characters who have a strong presence, a great personality. But in fact they are not stars … It is also because the show hosts are often emissions flows, based on the news. But I did not want to focus on this aspect, because the news is “perishable”: it is not necessary that the film appears as dated even before its release in theaters.

The cyberattack that hit Seoul was “not particularly sophisticated” – best air purifiers 2013

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The South Korean authorities have not yet identified the perpetrators and sponsors of cyber suffered by simultaneously Wednesday, March 20 in the early afternoon Afternoon computer networks of three banks and three each donkeys national television. A total of 31 servers and about 32,000 PCs were affected. Seoul currently excludes any event, even if the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) announced Thursday that the pirates “have used a Chinese IP address to contact the server (…), and implement the malware that s ‘attacked the computers. ” This track has also been contradicted Friday by the same committee, which has confused an internal IP address of a target company with a Chinese public address. The origin of the attack therefore remains unknown.

While the country through a period of tension with North Korea, the President introduced on Wednesday a team of investigators together experts from government, military and private organizations. Their findings should not be known for several weeks, but an official attached to the Blue House, the seat of the executive, told the Yonhap news agency that “strong suspicion” weigh already Pyongyang. A spokesman for the presidency said Friday expect further attacks. The threat is taken even more seriously than the country, considered one of the most connected in the world remains relatively vulnerable to hacking.

VIRUS KNOWN FOR A YEAR

According to North Korea Tech, a blog that monitors the news networks in the peninsula, the malware causing the paralysis on Wednesday software was “not especially sophisticated.” The controls included in the malicious piece of code had not been clouded – a process that makes it very difficult to understand – and malware could be identified easily by computer security company Sophos as “Mal / EncPk-ACE “a wiper (to render a PC unusable) known for nearly a year.

Renamed “DarkSeoul”, he was able to disable both widespread in South Korea, AhnLab and Hauri antivirus AV. Once these protections paralyzed software infecting computers by creating temporary files with a function developed to destroy the boot sector (or master boot record) hard disk. Results: pirated devices could not start properly. Precisely the kind of problem What met with employees of the chain is KBS. It aired the day images of his barred error message displays.

Indicating some classical culture, hackers have used Latin words borrowed from military vocabulary to crush the programs referred. The terms “hastati” and “principles” as they appear in the code, refer to the soldiers of the first and second lines of the Roman army in the time of the Republic.

“The North Koreans could be behind this [operation], but it is also the case for many people. If it is not [them], the authors were able to ensure that their attack is assigned. They are the perfect scapegoats, “observes Martyn Williamson, the blog North Korea Tech, told the Los Angeles Times.

Soup? Onn??e of orchestrating two major IT operations at the expense of South Korea in 2009 and 2011, North Korea has itself reported last week of cyberattacks “prolonged and intensive” against several sites officials, including those of the news agency Korean Central News Agency (KCNA), the Rodong Sinmun and the airline Air Koryo remained virtually inaccessible for two days.

Sources in the South Korean intelligence cited by the press in 3000 estimate the number of North Korean IT mobilized to cyberwarfare. According to the Government, Seoul suffered 40,000 cyber attacks from outside or inside in 2012 against 24,000 in 2008.

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Gang rape in India: the accused wanted to kill a woman

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The six men accused of gang rape of a young Indian on December 16 in New Delhi had deliberately decided to look for a woman to sexually assault and kill, concludes a police report sent to court.

The physiotherapy student of 23 years died Dec. 29 as a result of the attack that caused wide outrage in India against violence against women.

The accused, the police wrote in this document in the prosecution case prosecutors, “decided in advance” to look for a wife “with the intent to kill” during a dinner in the evening December 16, in a house in a slum in the south of the capital. Document the prosecution of more than 600 pages, contains the evidence gathered by the prosecution – forensic evidence to charge admissions, witness statements and medical reports.

However, the court-appointed lawyers appointed by the court Thursday challenging the conclusions prosecutors denunciation? Ing flaws in the investigation, starting with the long period during which customers were denied representing the defense. They have not yet responded to the prosecution case.

TRACKING

The court took note of the document police Saturday, which allows to make public under the Indian law. According to investigators, the six men were on board a school bus in the day led by the alleged leader of the gang, Ram Singh, and began their hunt. They then found the student and his companion who sought a means of transportation to get home out of the theater. The couple was beaten with an iron bar and the woman raped repeatedly before being thrown from the moving bus.

The suspects then tried to crush the young woman with their car but his companion was able to remove, add police. Police arrested Ram Singh the next day finding the bus thanks to CCTV cameras. He always wore a stained with the blood of the victim shirt and confessed his crime and denounced his accomplices “in a sustained interrogation”, yet the document says.

His brother, Mukesh Singh, said he was tortured during his detention, his lawyer said Thursday. The prosecution announced that it would require the death penalty for five of the defendants. The sixth should be judged separately by a juvenile court if confirmed he is under 18 years, which must establish a bone scan.

Procrastination Barack Obama on the Syrian dossier

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Washington correspondent When Barack Obama held a press conference unexpectedly April 30 at the White House, the press thought he had an announcement to make, probably on Syria. The charges on the use of chemical weapons by the Assad regime multiplied: a “red line” for his administration, he had solemnly proclaimed on 20 August t 2012?. The questions came up on the silence of Washington and the conservatives were wondering what is a red line for the Democratic president, especially as that prevailing in Iran has continued to be trampled – seven Western red lines have been completed, according to Harvard professor Graham Allison, quoted on 5 May by the Washington Post.

Everyone was wrong. Barack Obama had nothing to announce. Worse, he posted his impotence. Examined at the first question on the famous red line, and the fact that he said March 20 in Israel? Than the use of chemical weapons “change the situation”, he hid behind the international community. “When I said that the use of chemical weapons would change the situation, it was not a unique position in the United States,” he said. It was worth “also for the international community.” In short, it was a collective and everyone should take responsibility red line, according to the guiding principle of the foreign policy of Obama.

Taking away the h? You the Ma ..

New threats by North Korea against the United States – best cordless drill

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North Korea has placed his army in order of battle, Tuesday, March 26, and asked his “strategic” special units to prepare for possible strikes against the United States, and? Guam and the Hawa? in the Pacific. “The command of the army of the Korean people said that all troops with artillery, including strategic missile units and artillery units at long range should be placed on alert” combat ready “,” according to the official news agency KCNA.

Kim Jong-un had said Friday the special forces unit in 1973 that his mission was to “conquer enemy strongholds,” according to KCNA. Thursday, Pyongyang has threatened to hit back U.S. military bases in Japan and Guam to respond to theft workout of American B-52 bombers over South Korea.

Read the interview with Valerie Niquet Foundation for Strategic Research (FRS) Pyongyang uses provocation to try to scare

“STOP THE PROVOCATIONS”

The tension is rising a notch in the peninsula, because of successful shot in December of a North Korean rocket, considered by Seoul and its allies as a ballistic missile, followed by a third nuclear test in February and new sanctions passed by the Security Council of the United Nations against Pyongyang.

On Tuesday, the new president of South Korea, Park Geun-Hye, Pyongyang called for restraint. “For the North, the only way to survive is to stop provocations and threats to abandon its nuclear and ballistic weapons, and become a responsible member of the international community,” she said.

“Even now, North Korea threatens our national security,” said the head of state in a speech on the occasion of the third anniversary of the sinking of a South Korean warship, torpedoed by Pyongyang in Seoul. The incident killed 46 South Korean sailors. The North has always denied being the cause of the sinking.

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India: British tourist injured by escaping aggression

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A British tourist in India was hospitalized for leg injuries after jumping Tuesday by the bedroom window of h as in Agra, where? is the famous Taj Mahal mausoleum, wanting to escape his attackers, police said.

The victim, aged about thirty years, jumped from the first floor of the building after two men tried to enter his room to 4am. “She was scared, ran to the other end of the room and jumped out the window,” said Police Commissioner Agra.

Another officer said the girl had rejected the advances of the owner h? Like to get a massage. This is then returned with another man and tried to open the door of his room with a key, the source said. “We have arrested the owner of the h? Such and sued for harassment against him,” said Deputy Police Commissioner Agra. The victim suffered a ruptured ligament, his injuries are not serious, but she declined to pursue his trip to India.

This case comes just days after the gang rape of a Swiss tourist who roamed India bike with her husband, an assault that occurred last Friday when the couple installed a tent in a remote wooded area of ??the State Madhya Pradesh.

WARNING TO TRAVELLERS

A campaign launched by the Ministry of Tourism, entitled “Incredible India” (incredible India), has helped to increase the number of foreign visitors during the last decade to about 6.6 million per year, although this figure is still far behind the tourists in China and Malaysia. But this initiative today may suffer from the impression that India is not a destination? S re, especially for women.

Authorities ensure that there is no cause for alarm, saying that foreigners are victims of crime throughout the world and that the overwhelming majority of tourists have no security problem. But travel advisories issued by many foreign embassies emphasize the need for very specific precautions.

? On its website, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs fran ais has a section on “Specific risks for women traveling alone”: “Women, especially when traveling alone, may be increasingly vulnerable cases. harassment or sexual assault are reported. Given the cultural differences between our two countries, it is essential on arrival in India, especially for women, to take precautions. ”

On its website, the U.S. State Department request for single women to “observe strict safety rules” and “avoid traveling alone in taxis, especially at night.” The British Foreign Office has updated last week its website stating that “travelers are often the subject of an unsolicited verbal form or being physically harassed by men or groups of men attention.”

Writing France 3 voted overwhelmingly against a merger with France 2

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The National Writing France 3 voted Tuesday, Jan. 22 evening at 82.85% against the approximation of the editors of France 2 and France 3 desired by the direction of France T??l??visions in the framework of its “Info 2015″. Of the 195 members of the college journalists from France 3, 140 took part in the vote. 116 (82.85%) were against and 17 (12.15%) for.

In September, the head of France T??l??visions presented to employees advancing its “Info 2015″, launched in august which aims to bring together editors from France 2, France 3 and FranceTVinfo, integrating technical and editorial means while avoiding using the term “fusion”.

According to Patrice Machuret, president of the Society of Journalists (LDS) of France 3, the vote is a “slap” to the direction of the group. “Journalists do not want to merge, do not want to work in a ‘news factory’ dominated by two,” he told AFP, saying he fears a “loss of identity” of France 3 and “concerns about employment.” “There is no captain. Despite this vote, we still have not been re? Us in the direction that is bunkeris??e and we are not encouraging signs from the left,” he lamented.

“THERE IS NO CAPTAIN”

C? Ty management, Thierry Thuillier, the news director of France Televisions, said he did not expect “to another answer.” “You do not change the organization of two essays, which are sometimes in competition, overnight. We will take the time needed,” continued Mr. Thuillier reaffirming that “national editions of France 2 and France 3 will be maintained. ” He again denied the term “fusion”, “would mean a loss, while there will be a reorganization?” He told AFP.

Emphasizing a “highly uncertain environment on the budget and the arrival of new tools such as connected TV,” the boss of the information said that “in order to expand our editorial offering, we must reorganize.”

France T??l??visions and the Ministry of Communications have been negotiating since September until the end of January an amendment to COM (Contract Objectives and Means) for the public broadcaster, which in 2013 will face a reduction in its budget.

Read lighting (published in October): France Televisions prepares for slimming diet

Mokhtar Belmokhtar, a pro jihad specialist abductions – sewing machine reviews 2013

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The hijacking that resulted in the death of 37 foreigners, in mid-January on the site Amenas gas production in eastern Algeria border of Libya, was the oeuvres of the seventh commando known as “Signatories by blood” brigade. Behind the Islamist group hiding Mokhtar Belmokhtar alias Khaled Aboul Abbas, one of the most feared armed Islamism figures. The operation Amenas, who co ??g??lement? Ty life of 32 to 29 men in the squad, was named “Abdel Rahim Al-Mauritani”, the name of an Islamic martyr.

Charismatic former Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb leader (AQIM), the Algerian Mokhtar Belmokhtar has long been involved in the Islamist. Born June 1, 1972 Gharda? Has 600 km south of Algiers, he made his debut in Afghanistan from 1991 to 1993, the heart of the mujahideen ties. This, in camps workout, he meets those who later become leaders of Al Qaeda. This, too, is touched by a piece of shrapnel. He loses it and win one of its nicknames: “the Blind”.

Return to Algeria in 1993, there is in the region, one of the commanders of the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) before participating in the founding of the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC), which will become AQIM. Many hostages assigned including those of two Frenchman in Niamey, Niger, in January 2011.

200-300 ACTIVISTS

Located in Gao in northern Mali for several years and until at least the beginning of the bombing French? Ais, January 11, it separated in December 2012 AQIM to create its own armed group called the “Signatories by the blood. ” “This brigade is from a group that dissent or AQIM was excluded,” said Dominique Thomas, a specialist in Islamic networks. “The group has regrouped around its leader, Mokhtar Belmokhtar. With this new independence, he moved closer to the Movement for the uniqueness and Jihad in West Africa who embroidered the part of the is the region of Mali, Gao and around the city, “says the researcher.

The brigade count 200 to 300 activists, many came? Born and well armed. “The organization has entered into a joint management with Mujao but we did not pay him an influence on Algerian territory. Yet, being himself Algerian, has a knowledge of the terrain and complicity,” said Dominique Thomas.

The man had shown before AQIM split at the end of the 2012 Libyan ambitions to grow its network, says the researcher.

“The differences of the past, notably with respect to conflicting egos, are erased in favor of this, made a concerted manner,” says Dominique Thomas. Mokhtar Belmokhtar was criticized within the organization for its propensity to integrate into the local landscape, including by agreeing to go into traffic. “This is in contrast with the official line of AQIM, which presents itself as a virtuous and disciplined organization against trafficking. But pragmatically, on the ground, it fits with local realities,” said Dominique Thomas. At Mokhtar Belmokhtar, involvement in trafficking had become an “axis structuring too,” said the specialist.

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Should we intervene in Mali?

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Since the launch of the French military intervention? Comfortable in Mali, the decision of the President of the Republic has attracted a broad consensus. Some voices were raised in criticism yet the real motives of France and the conditions of its operation, particularly since the deployment of ground troops and hostage-taking in a refinery in Algeria.

Several researchers expressed in Le Monde and The Monde.fr, points of view in favor of the intervention.

Thus, the founder and director of the group Afriglob Council Boubacar S. Traor??, argues in an article published in Le Monde on January 18 that “the French Intervention comfortable gave hope to Malians, who now believe in the possibility of rebuilding a democratic state avoiding past mistakes: poor governance and corruption, sources of weakness of the army, and the disorganization of the state. ”

Albert Bourgi specialist constitutional problems in Africa, believed on him on January 14, despite the risk of sinking, the military action by France should serve as a wake of Mali’s political class that “the challenge is nothing but the survival of an ancient nation. ”

Read forum Albert Bourgi: Remove the Mali political vacuum

For specialist Sahel-Saharan Africa, Andr?? Bourgeot, “there was a risk of implosion of Mali if S??var?? fell into the hands of jihadists.”

Read the full discussion with Andr?? Burgeot: Why France takes it in Mali?

“To avoid the worst, Paris had no choice but to intervene, regardless of the risks (including the French hostages? Ais),” said the researcher Pascal Chaigneau. Also, the French decision? Was comfortable “m? Series” and “is based on the basis of negotiations and on the basis of a UN resolution,” he adds.

Read forum Pascal Chaigneau: lest the creation of a ‘Sahelistan’

Gilles Kepel, professor at Sciences Po, said meanwhile that it is played in Mali is not only a matter of military, but “a challenge to civilization,” which calls for “the implementation of an international strategy and the ma? Trise of complex societal issues. ”

Read forum Gilles Kepel: The unbearable loneliness French home in Mali, by Gilles Kepel?

In an editorial, the editor of Le Monde, Alain Frachon, also supported the decision of the President of the Republic when he “took the risk of intervention.”

Read the editorial: Operation Serval at Mali or the choice of the lesser evil

The heart tee policies, the first secretary of the Socialist Party, Harlem D??sir, welcomed on January 11, a “courageous decision in accordance with international law and the United Nations”, while President UMP Jean-Francois Cope ois, and former Prime Minister, Fran? ois Fillon, have also made each of their heart tee, their “support” for the intervention of the French military Mali decided to Fran? ois Hollande. “It was time to act” to “hinder the establishment of a narco-state,” said Jean-Fran? Ois Cope in a statement, while for Fran? Ois Fillon, “the fight against terrorism requires the unity of the nation beyond partisan divisions. ”

CRITICAL AND DOUBTS ON THE OPPORTUNITY OF INTERVENTION

Despite these many supporters, some voices were raised in France to criticize the real motives of France and the conditions of its operation.

France, “late of decolonization,” must change strategy, says political scientist Michel Galy. Intervention with high risks, he said, must “socialists make the effort to think of the nature of African regimes, they withdraw military bases, and denounce the corruption and violence.”

In a debate published in Le Monde on 26 October, researchers have also expressed their support for certain strong reservations about the appropriateness of a future military intervention. Thus, Serge Michailof, professor at Sciences Po, said that “without the active participation of Algeria, our military adventure in Mali can not end on a stalemate.”

The heart tee policies, one of the first to react was the former Prime Minister Jacques Chirac, Dominique de Villepin. In an article in the Sunday newspaper, the former foreign minister, who was brought in February 2003 at the UN “no” from France to the war in Iraq, said that “none of the conditions for success n is held “in Mali and expressed concern of” d??j?? vu of the arguments of the ‘war against terrorism “and the loneliness of France” lack of solid “Malian partner.

Asked by Le Monde, the former president, Val??ry Giscard d’Estaing, said concern about the consequences of the French offensive? Comfortable in Mali. “France must adhere strictly to its logistical support to African forces” and wants to “warn against a change in the action of France in Mali, which is neo-colonialist,” he says .

In response to support comfortable French Intervention? Expressed in Mali on 15 January by the European Parliament, Daniel Cohn-Bendit, while affirming its support for the military intervention of Paris, highlights the challenge for France to intervene only in a country that reduces it to its colonial past and regrets that the European Union does not have “a force of European civil or military intervention.”

Then he said, on January 11, that “it was time to act” to “hinder the establishment of a narco-state,” Jean-Fran? Ois Cope expressed on 16 January to National Assembly, vivid doubts about how the procedure is conducted. “We are extremely concerned to see that France is isolated”, told the president of the main opposition party.

The heart tee critical voices, the Green MP No? Mam??re the said, on January 11, “wonder the president again the same methods as his predecessor without entering Parliament once operations launched “. For the co-chair of the Left Party, Jean-Luc M??lenchon, “the interest of a foreign military intervention to resolve the problem in northern Mali is questionable” and “decide alone, without understanding beforehand neither the government nor the Parliament is reprehensible. ”

The Green MP No? Mam??re also the qualified, Jan. 15, of “propaganda” the reasons given by the government to engage militarily in Mali, assuming a “dissenting voice” while most political parties have supported for intervention.

FACE TO DOUBT THE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION JUSTIFIED

Immediately after the launch of the French military intervention? Comfortable in Mali, the president, Fran? Ois Hollande, found it necessary to justify his decision. He has said on 12 January that France “has no other purpose than the fight against terrorism” and “defend any particular interest.”

For his part, Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault recalled January 14, the reasons for intervention and support that the government was “aware of the risks” that military operations in Mali posed to the French hostages? Ais in the Sahel, but “do nothing” would not have contributed to their release.

Finally, the defense minister, Jean-Yves Le Drian, said Jan. 16 on RTL: “We were aware from the beginning that this was a very difficult operation.”